Carburetor



March 14, 1939. A. J. FARINEAU CARBURETOR Filed Oct. 27, 1957 IHIIH INVENTOR Patented Mar. 14, 1939 If UNITED STATES PATENT orp CARBURETOB.

Alfred J. Farineau, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignor of one-fifth to Richard M. Kuhn and one-fifth to Ralph 0. Corey, both of Pittsburgh, Pa.

Application October 27, 1937, Serial No. 171,258

7 Claims. (C1. 123121) My invention relatesto carburetors such as are liquid fuel, the engine is initially started and run employed for supplying a mixture of vaporized for a short period of time through the medium of fuel and air to internal combustion engines. fuel supplied from the chamber 5'. Upon start- One object of my invention is to provide a deing of the engine, the vaporization and compres- 5 vice for more effectively vaporizing gasoline or sion of the main supply-of motive fuel is begun. other liquid fuel, than is possible with various Tot i nd,IP v ado b ep p w h types of carburetors heretofore employed, to includes a chamber or casing I containing a thereby effect economy in consumption of fuel, pump diaphragm I6, which divides the chamber and to secure greater uniformity of operation of I5 into compartments I1 and Hot. The, diaan internal combustion engine to which the fuel phragm I6 is reciprocated by a rod I8, that is in 10 is supplied. turn actuated from any suitable moving part of Another object of my invention is to provide the engine, such as the crank shaft, water or oil' means for supplying vaporized fuel to the intake pump shafts, etc. The pump serves to circulate line of an internal combustion engine, at predeair through a body of gasoline contained within termined pressures. a reservoir I9, .and to place the vapor-ladenair 15 Still another object of my invention is to prounder pressure. vide means for effectively maintaining a constant Gasoline or other motive fluid is supplied from ratio of fuel and air to the supply line or intake a line which may also supply the chamber manifold of an internal combustion engine. 5. The gasoline is under pressure, and will enter 20 The single figure of the drawing is a side view, the reservoir I9 past a valve 2| that is controlled 0 partially in section, of apparatus embodying my by a float 22, which will maintain a' predeterinvention. mined level within the reservoir. A bubble com- In the drawing, the numeral 2 indicates a fuel partment 23 is provided in the reservoir and air intake line leading to the cylinder or manifold is circulated upwardly through this compartment of an internal combustion engine (not shown). to effect vaporization of the fuel.

Air for the explosive mixture is supplied through In circulating the air, movement of the'pump an intake .3 to which an air cleaner may be apdiaphragm I6 toward the left will draw air into plied, as indicated at 4. A fuel supply chamber the compartment I! of the pump chamber, past 5 is provided for starting and initially running an inwardly-opening check valve 24, and will the engine. The fuel level in the chamber 5 is force vapor out of the compartment I'Ia at the 30 controlled by a float-operated valve 6. Upon opposite side of the diaphragm. Movement of starting of the engine, fuel is drawn from the the diaphragm in the opposite direction will force chamber 5 through a jet or spray nozzle 1 and air out of said compartment II, past a check the suction created in the line 2 will also draw valve 25, from whence it enters a pipe 26 leading air from the intake 3, past a valve 8. Flow of to a nozzle 21 in the lower portion of the bubble 35 gasoline to the jet pipe I is controlled by a. valve compartment 23, the air being discharged through 9 that is normally held in raised position by a the upper perforated portion of the nozle 21. A

spring Ill. Upon development of vaporized fuel perforated bafile plate 28 is provided above the pressure within the system, as hereinafter exliquid level in the bubble compartment, against plained, the valve 9 is automatically closed by which upwardly-moving drops of fuel will im- 40 such vapor pressure acting through a port II. pinge. The air passes from the compartment 23 When the pressure within the port II reaches a to a pipe 29 and thence to a pipe 30 where it predetermined degree, the valve 9 will be forced again is drawn past the valve 4. Continued down against the pressure spring II) to close a circulation of the air in this manner results in 4-5 port I2 through which communication is afeffective vaporization of the gasoline. Addiforded between the chamber 5 and the jet pipe I. tional air is automatically drawn in past a check Fuel supply to the motor is controlled by the usual valve 3 I, in accordance with the demands on the throttle valve I3, operated in a suitable or ordisystem, the valve 3| opening to admit additional nary manner. air as required when the valve 24 is opened upon My invention contemplates that during normal suction stroke of thhe pump diaphragm I6. 50 running of the engine, the explosive mixture The pump also serves to withdraw vapor from therefor, shall consist of vaporized gasoline or the circulating system just described, and to move other motive fluid supplied under pressure, and it to a vapor reservoir. To this end, I provide mixed with a suitable quantity o air. In order a check valve 32 located above the liquid level to effect vaporization and compression of the in the bubble chamber 22. Upon movement of 55 the diaphragm i8 to the right, vapor will be drawn from the bubble compartment, past this valve 32 into the compartment 11a of the pump chamber. Upon movement of the diaphragm to the left, the body of vapor thus withdrawn will be forced past a check valve 33 into a line 34 which leads to a vapor reservoir 35.

The area of the port opening of the valves 24 and is materially greater than the area of port opening of the valve 32, so that there will be always a body of vapor moving through the circulating system, a portion of which is drawn past the valve 32 and discharged into the reservoir 35. Suflicient air is admitted through the valve 3| to replace the vapor thus withdrawn from the circulating system.

In order that the pressure within the reservoir 35 will not exceed a predetermined degree, I provide a relief valve 36 connected through a pipe 31 with the vapor reservoir 35 and through a pipe 38 with the circulating system. In this case, the vapor thus returned to the circulating system will cause a corresponding reduction in the amount of air admitted through the valve 3|.

The reservoir 35 is jacketed to provide a space 39'through which hot water from the enginecooling system or exhaust gases may be circulated in order to heat the vapor and prevent condensation thereof. Inlet and outlet openings 40 and 4! are provided for circulating the heating medium.

When the body of vapor within the reservoir 35 becomes built up to a predetermined pressure,

it will move a valve 42 from its seat and flow through a branched line or conduit 43 to an outlet 44 located within a metering chamber 45, interposed between the air inlet 3 and the passageway 2. The outlet 44 discharges into a sleeve 46 that has valve openings 41 of generally triangular form. Discharge through the' openings 41 is controlled by a sleeve member which has telescopic movement with respect to the member 46 and is provided with discharge ports 49 in its sides. When the ports 49 are brought into registry with the ports 41, vapor will fiowfrom reservoir 35 into the metering chamber 45. It will be seen that as the vapor under pressure enters the pipe 43, a portion thereof will flow through the port II and cut oil flow of gasoline from the chamber 5 to the spray head 1, thereby automatically transferring the source of supply of combustible fuel from the chamber 5 to the reservoir 35, or in other words, from the liquid source to the vapor source.

It will be understood that under idling conditions of the engine, with the throttle valve IS in nearly closed position, the intake suction will be of a low degree and the valve 8 drawn only a short distance from its seat, against the pres sure of a spring 80.. The valve 8 has its stem connected to the valve member 48, so that as the valve 8 moves down, the ports 49 of the valve member 48 will be brought into registry with the ports 41, whereupon fuel vapor will fiow into the air stream and be carried to the engine manifold. There need, of course; be only a small supply of fuel vapor during idling, and since the upper ends of the ports are of narrow width, they will be uncovered to only a small extent at idling stage. At greater throttle openings, as under driving conditions, the valve 8 will be drawn farther from its seat, and as the valve member 48 is thereby moved downwardly, the area of port opening as between the triangularly shapedports 41 and the ports 49 will be correspondingly increased.

It will be understood that the setting of the valve 42 is such that it will open at lower reservoir pressure than will the valve 36. The pump is of sufilcient capacity to maintain a desired pressure within the reservoir 35 at maximum demands of the engine, so that there will always be proper proportioning of the vapor and air which forms the combustible mixture.

While vaporization could be effected to some degree by passing a. stream of air only once through a body of gasoline, such procedure results in vaporizing only the lighter constituents of the gasoline. I have found that by repeatedly passing a given body of air through the gasoline, it is possible to eifect more complete vaporization and to secure a more richly laden vapor.

I claim as my invention:

1. Apparatus for forming explosive charges for internal combustion engines and the like, comprising means for circulating air through a. body of liquid fuel, means for withdrawing the mixture thus produced and placing it under pressure, means automatically operable when said pressure attains a predetermined degree for directing the compressed mixture into an air stream, and means for varying the volume of mixture supplied to the air stream in accordance with changes in air flow.

2. Apparatus for forming explosive charges for internal combustion engines and the like, comprising means for creating flow of air through a body of liquid fuel, apump for compressing the mixture thus produced, a reservoir for receiving the compressed mixture, an air conduit, means actuated by pressure in the reservoir for controlling flow from the reservoir to said conduit, a valve for controlling the flow of air in said conduit, and means controlled by movement of said valve for varying the rate at which the compressed mixture flows from the reservoir into the air stream. 1

3. Apparatus for forming explosive charges for internal combustion engines and the like, comprising a fuel intake line for an engine, means operative through suction in said line for effecting discharge of a jet of liquid fuel into the line, means for eflecting flow of air through a body of liquid fuel, means for compressing the mixture thus produced, means for directing the compressed mixture into said intake line, and means actuated by the mixture when compressed to a predetermined degree, for shutting off the firstnamed supply of fuel to the said line.

4. Apparatus for forming explosive charges for internal combustion engines, comprising a fuel intake line for an engine, means for effecting discharge of liquid fuel into said line, means for producing a vaporized mixture of air and liquid fuel, means for compressing said mixture and forcing it into said line, and means actuated by the compressed mixture, for shutting oil the said discharge of liquid fuel.

5. Apparatus for forming explosive charges for internal combustion engines and the like, comprising a pump operable in predetermined relation to engine speed, for circulating air through a body of liquid fuel and placing under pressure the mixture of fuel and air thus produced, means for directing the said compressed mixture into an air stream to form an explosive mixture, an air intake for the pump, and means automatically operable when the pressure of said fuel mixture exceeds a predetermined degree, for directing a mixture to the pump. o thereby admitted to the pump and control the pressure 01 said mixture of fuel and air.

6. Apparatus for forming explosive charges for internal combustion engines and the like, comprising a pump operable in predetermined relation to engine speed, for circulating air through a body of liquid fuel and placing under pressure the mixture of fuel and air thus produced, means for directing the said compressed mixture into an air stream to form an explosive mixture, an air intake tor the pump, means automatically operable when the pressure of said fuel mixture exceed a predetermined degree, for directing a portion or said fuel mixture to the pump. to thereby reduce the amount oi air admitted to the pump and control the pressure of said mixture portion of said 3 of fuel and air, and means automatically operable when the said pressure mined point, for shutting oflf flow of the fuel mix-.- ture to the air stream.

7. Apparatus for forming explosive charges for internal combustion engines and the like, comprising means !or circulating air through a body or liquid fuel, means for withdrawing the mixture thus produced and placing it under pressure,-

means for directing the compressed mixture into an air stream, means for varying the volume of mixture supplied to the air stream, in accordance with changes in air flow, and means automatically operable by said pressure, independently of said varying means, the mixture into the air stream.

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